Oncologic surgery is a medical discipline involving surgical interventions aimed at treating cancerous tissues. These surgical procedures can vary depending on the location of the cancer, its spread, and its impact on surrounding tissues. Oncologic surgery not only treats cancer but can also assist in its diagnosis and, at times, may be used preventively to reduce cancer risk.

Types of Oncologic Surgery

1. Tumor Removal (Tumor resection): Surgical removal of cancerous tumors.
2. Lymph Node Dissection (Lymphadenectomy): Removal of lymph nodes to prevent cancer spread.
3. Reconstructive Surgery: Surgical procedures performed to restore the appearance or function of the body after removal of cancerous tissue.
4. Prophylactic Surgery: Surgical interventions performed in individuals at high risk of cancer to prevent or reduce the risk.
5. Palliative Surgery: Surgical procedures aimed at alleviating symptoms caused by cancer and improving quality of life.

Procedure

Oncologic surgery procedures vary based on the type, stage, and location of cancer. However, generally, oncologic surgery may involve the following steps:

• Patient Evaluation: Assessment of the patient’s medical history, type and stage of cancer, and other relevant factors.
• Anesthesia: The patient is placed under general anesthesia.
• Surgical Procedure: Surgical removal of cancerous tissue or other appropriate procedures.
• Reconstruction and Closure: If necessary, reconstructive surgery is performed to restore body function or appearance, followed by closure of incisions.
• Recovery and Rehabilitation: Monitoring of the patient’s recovery process and ensuring participation in rehabilitation programs if needed.

Advantages

• Cancer Treatment: Removal or control of cancerous tissue.
• Increased Survival Rates: In early-stage cancers, removal of cancerous tissue can increase survival rates.
• Symptom Reduction: Palliative surgery can alleviate symptoms caused by cancer and improve quality of life.

Risks and Complications

• Surgical Complications: Complications such as infection, bleeding, and organ damage may occur, as with any surgical procedure.
• Wound Healing Issues: Wound healing problems may occur, especially after major surgical procedures.
• Functional Losses: Some surgical procedures may affect body function or disrupt organ function.

Suitable Candidates

• Individuals diagnosed with cancer.
• Depending on the stage and location of cancer, situations requiring surgical intervention.

Oncologic surgery is an important treatment option for managing and treating cancerous tissues. However, it may not be suitable for every patient, and careful consideration of risks and benefits is necessary. Before making decisions about treatment options, consultation with a healthcare professional is essential.