Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a procedure that enables the minimally invasive replacement of the aortic valve. Unlike traditional open-heart surgery, TAVI accesses the aortic valve via a vascular route, typically through the femoral artery in the groin region. TAVI is preferred for patients at high risk for conventional open-heart surgery.

Purpose and Use of TAVI Procedure The aortic valve regulates the passage of blood from the heart into the aorta. Aortic stenosis, characterized by narrowing and stiffening of the aortic valve, impedes blood flow from the heart and can lead to heart failure. TAVI is employed to treat aortic stenosis.

TAVI Procedure Preparation and Evaluation: Before the procedure, the patient undergoes various tests and imaging techniques (e.g., echocardiography, CT scan) to assess suitability for TAVI. A comprehensive evaluation considers the patient’s medical history and current health status.

Procedure Implementation: The procedure is typically performed under anesthesia, with sedation used in some cases. Access is gained through the femoral artery in the groin or other suitable arteries (e.g., subclavian artery). A catheter is guided toward the narrowed aortic valve. The catheter carries a new aortic valve prosthesis in a compressed state. Once the catheter is positioned correctly, the new valve is deployed either with a balloon or a self-expanding mechanism. The old valve is displaced by the new valve, assuming its function.

Post-Procedure: The patient is monitored post-TAVI and enters the recovery phase. Within a few days, patients can return to normal activities, although full recovery and rehabilitation may take several weeks. Regular check-ups and follow-ups are essential to ensure proper functioning of the new valve.

Advantages of TAVI Less Invasive: Faster recovery and lower complication risk compared to traditional open-heart surgery.

Short Recovery Time: Patients are often discharged within a few days and can resume daily activities sooner.

Suitable for Elderly and High-Risk Patients: Benefits patients at high risk for open-heart surgery (e.g., advanced age, severe comorbidities).

Risks and Side Effects of TAVI Like any medical procedure, TAVI carries risks and potential side effects: Bleeding and Infection: Risk of bleeding or infection at the access site.

Valve Leakage: Leakage around the new valve may occur.

Stroke: Formation of blood clots during the procedure and risk of stroke.

Arrhythmias: Development of arrhythmias post-procedure. TAVI is an effective treatment option that can significantly improve quality of life and prognosis for suitable patients. However, thorough evaluation is crucial to determine suitability for each patient.