Stroke is a serious medical emergency characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain or the bursting of brain blood vessels. This condition prevents the brain cells from receiving oxygen and nutrients, leading to damage and potential death of brain tissue. Stroke requires urgent medical intervention.

Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic Stroke (Cessation of Blood Flow): This is the most common type of stroke, typically caused by the blockage of brain blood vessels. Thrombosis (formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel) or embolism (a clot originating from elsewhere) are primary causes.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke (Brain Bleed): Occurs when brain blood vessels rupture, causing blood to leak into brain tissue. Conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension) are among the causes of hemorrhagic stroke.

Stroke Symptoms

Stroke symptoms can develop rapidly and can be remembered using the F.A.S.T. acronym:

• Face: Drooping on one side or asymmetrical facial expression.
• Arms: Inability to raise one arm or weakness in one arm.
• Speech: Slurred speech, difficulty speaking, or understanding speech.
• Time: It is critical to seek immediate medical attention upon recognizing stroke symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke

The diagnosis of stroke involves evaluating symptoms, conducting a neurological examination, and performing imaging tests (MRI, CT scans) and blood tests. Treatment for stroke requires urgent medical intervention. In the case of ischemic stroke, thrombolytic drugs or endovascular procedures (mechanical thrombectomy) may be administered to dissolve the clot or restore blood flow. For hemorrhagic stroke, controlling bleeding and regulating brain pressure are crucial.

Post-Stroke Care and Rehabilitation

Post-stroke care and rehabilitation aim to support the patient’s recovery process. This includes physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and psychological support. Post-stroke rehabilitation helps patients relearn daily activities and regain independence.

Stroke is preventable or manageable with early diagnosis, effective treatment, and control of risk factors. Managing risk factors, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and regular medical check-ups play a significant role in reducing the risk of stroke.