Vertigo
Vertigo is a condition characterized by a sensation of spinning, movement, or swaying, either of oneself or the surrounding objects. It can stem from problems related to the inner ear or the balance centers in the brain. This can affect a person’s sense of balance and spatial orientation, leading to difficulty walking or standing, nausea, and even vomiting.
Types of Vertigo
- Peripheral Vertigo: Arises from issues within the inner ear. For example, dislodged crystals in the inner ear or imbalance of inner ear fluids can cause this type of vertigo.
- Central Vertigo: Originates from the balance centers in the brain or brainstem. Conditions such as migraines, brain tumors, or stroke can lead to central vertigo.
Symptoms of Vertigo
- Sensation of spinning, movement, or swaying
- Feeling off-balance or lightheaded
- Nausea or vomiting
- Episodes of dizziness
- Loss of balance or increased risk of falling
Causes of Vertigo
- Inner ear problems (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo – BPPV)
- Meniere’s disease
- Vestibular neuritis
- Head and neck injuries
- Central nervous system issues like stroke or brain tumors
- Side effects of medications
- Migraine or migraine attacks
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vertigo Diagnosis of vertigo may involve medical history taking, physical examination, and specific tests (e.g., nystagmus test, Dix-Hallpike test, head position test, blood tests, imaging tests). Treatment depends on the underlying cause of vertigo.
Treatment for Peripheral Vertigo: It may include repositioning inner ear crystals (e.g., Epley maneuver), medication (e.g., antihistamines, antiemetics), physical therapy, or surgical treatment if necessary.
Treatment for Central Vertigo: Managing the underlying cause, such as migraine or neurological problems, is crucial in treating central vertigo.
Preventive and Management Strategies
- Avoiding triggers: Reduce triggers such as caffeine, alcohol, and stress.
- Balance preservation exercises: Vestibular rehabilitation exercises can help improve balance and reduce vertigo symptoms.
- Medications prescribed by your doctor can help control vertigo symptoms.
Vertigo varies from person to person, and treatment depends on an individual’s symptoms and underlying causes. Therefore, it is important for individuals experiencing vertigo symptoms to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.